Cognitive Function Table and Tags

 

Version 1.0

Terms that will be used for tags are italicized and capitalized. Alternative terms are in brackets. Alternitve terms will NOT be used as tags.

Discusion on the diffrent functions is at http://accessibility.athena-ict.com/cognativefunction.shtml.

 

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Cognative Function Tags Dyslexia Non-vocal Down Syndrome Autism Dyscalculia Aging Related Cognitive Decline

Memory

Duration Based

  • Working Memory
  • Short Term Memory - typically lasts seconds
  • Long Term Memory - (includes recall and writing - the ability to learn such as learn a new symbol and use it the next day)
Context Based
  • Episodic Memory (autobiographical – time, self, )
  • Semantic Memory (factual)
  • Visual Memory
  • Visuo-Spatial Memory
  • Auditory Memory: memory for sound patterns (um),
  • Procedural Memory
  • Musical Memory 
  • Prospective Memory - remembering to do things in the future, such as keep appointments, return a book to the library, or pay bills on time
  • Emotional Memory
Awareness based
  • Implicit memory :(non-declarative memory )
  • Explicit memory: (declarative memory, intentional use of memory )

Also memories can be stored and recalled as

  •  Associative memory (MA)
  • Meaningful memory (MM) 
  • Free-recall memory (M6)

May have impaired:

  • Short Term Memory
  • Visual Memory
  • Visuo-spatial Memory
  • Auditory Memory
  • Procedural Memory
  • Prospective Memory

 

          

Executive Functions

  • Emotional Control and Self-Monitoring
  • Shift ( also called task flexibility)
  • Initiation
  • Planning/Organization and
  • Execution

Sometimes affected:

Planning/Organization

         

Reasoning

  • Fluid Reasoning (logical reasoning)
  • Mathematical Intelligence
  • Seriation - reasoning via  seriation including Organization, Conservation and Classification
  • Behavioral -(or conative) component involving memory such as long term autobiographical memory.
  • Crystallized Intelligence (sometimes called comprehension- knowledge) is the ability to use skills, knowledge, and experience.
  • Abstraction
 Typically not affected          

Attention

  • Selective Attention -the ability to attend to some stimuli while disregarding others that are irrelevant to the task at hand.
  • Divided Attention

  • Sustained Attention
 Selective Attention may be affected          

Language

  • Speech Perception
  • Speech
  • Literacy

see below for more details

            

Speech Perception: This depends on:

  • Auditory Discrimination (Note not L hearing, but the identification and differentiation of sounds also called general sound discrimination (u3),
  • Temporal Tracking (uk)
  • Listening Ability (ls)
  • Naming Skills (n)
  • Morphosyntax The system of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the way in which words are put together to form phrases and sentences (syntax).

Note, there is also related memory such as working memory, auditory memory -see above 

There is also knowledge required (see below) such as:

  • Grammar
  • Metaphors
  • Lexical

Often affected:

Auditory Discrimination

Temporal tracking

Temporal tracking

Naming skills

 

Morphosyntax

related memory

         

Understanding Figural Language - understanding figural language. such as a simile, onomatopoeia, personification , oxymoron, paradox, allusion or idiom and puns. This is the ability to understand figural language and does not include the knowledge of the metaphors.

 Not affected          

Literacy

Depends on Speech Perception and visual perception. Also depends on:

  •  Phoneme Processing   and phonetic coding (PC)
  • Cross-Modal Association (association of sign and concept)
 Affected          

Visual Perception

(visual recognition )
The visual system automatically groups elements into patterns: Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Symmetry, Common Fate (i.e. common motion), and Continuity. (Gestalt psychology)
Functions include:
  • Object Recognition
  • Face Recognition (seems to be a different process to object recognition [ Face and object recognition ((Alex Huk. (1999) "Object and Face Recognition: Lecture Notes." pp. 5]
  • Visual Pattern Recognition
 All can be affected          

Other Perception

  • Auditory Perception (see Speech Perception above for further classifications),
  • Motor Perception
  • TactilePerception
  • Smell Perception
  • Psychomotor  Perception
  • Kinesthetic Perception ( bodily position, weight, or movement)
  • Olfactory Perception and
  • Sensory Perception   
 Auditory Perception affected          

Knowledge

Types of knowledge that might be required for use of ICT include:
  • Cultural Knowledge
  • base Language Knowledge including:
    • Lexical (UL)
    • Jargon (subject mater)
    • Web Jargon and technology
    • Web and Technology Usages and Risks
    • Metaphors and idioms
  • Symbols Knowledge(such as icons)
  • Mathematical Knowledge
  • Mechanical Knowledge (MK)
  • Knowledge of  Behaviors
  • Design Metaphor Knowledge
  • Design Functions Knowledge
 Typically not affected.          

Behavioral

Behavioral Abstractions and social –

  • Norms etc
  • Social Cues
  • other Behavioral 
 Slightly affected: Norms and Social Cues          
Consciousness Typically not affected.          

,

Spoken languages

The basic skills for spoken languages seem to be Speech perception:

Sign language

Sign language without spoken language probably requires a slightly different set of skills such as:

 

Note that many dyslexics achieve literacy without many of these functions or with impaired functioning

Perception

Other Perception

Auditory perception (see Speech perception above for further classifications), Motor, Tactile smell Psychomotor  Kinestheti( bodily position, weight, or movement) Olfactory  and sensory perception      

Speed

Processing speed effect all the functions above. See Caroll.
A related concept is fluency